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A high-resolution snow and hydrometeorological dataset for the Dischma region in Switzerland
This repository contains data from the alpine Dischma watershed and its surroundings in eastern Switzerland and includes: (a) hourly hydrometeorological data with 100m spatial resolution, (b) remotely sensed snow depth data with 100m spatial resolution obtained at peak of winter, and (c) station measurements of variables such as snow depth and catchment runoff. This dataset is particularly suited for (a) different simulation experiments using distributed and process-based models, including physics-based snow and hydrological models, (b) testing various snow data assimilation schemes, and (c) developing models representing snow-forest interactions. The dataset is described in detail in: Magnusson, J., Bühler, Y., Quéno, L., Cluzet, B., Mazzotti, G., Webster, C., Mott, R., and Jonas, T.: High-resolution hydrometeorological and snow data for the Dischma catchment in Switzerland, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-374, in review, 2024. This dataset was published within the INARCH project: https://inarch.usask.ca/
SPOT6 Avalanche outlines 16 January 2019
Outlines of 6'041 avalanches mapped from SPOT6 satellite data over the Swiss Alps on 16 January 2019. The dataset was acquired following a period with very high avalanche danger. The outlines have different attributes described in the data example key (ExampleKey_AvalMapping16012019.pdf) The generation of the data is described in: Bühler, Y., E. D. Hafner, B. Zweifel, M. Zesiger, and H. Heisig (2019), Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps, The Cryosphere, 13(12), 3225-3238, doi:10.5194/tc-13-3225-2019. The data was comprehensivly validated in a subset area in Hafner, E.D.; Techel, F.; Leinss, S.; Bühler, Y., 2021: Mapping avalanches with satellites - evaluation of performance and completeness. Cryosphere, 15, 2: 983-1004. doi: 10.5194/tc-15-983-2021
Species distribution maps of Fagales and Pinales (GDPlants)
This database contains 1957 distribution maps of species from Fagales and Pinales constructed based on a method integrating polygon mapping and SDMs (Lyu et al., 2022). To construct the maps, we first collected occurrence data from 48 different sources. According to the number of occurrences after data cleaning, three kinds of maps are constructed: (1) For species with more than 20 occurrences, we performed SDM and polygon mapping described in Lyu et al. (2022) and select the integration of the two layers as the distribution range; (2) For species with more than 4 but less than 20 occurrences, we only use polygon mapping to draw the distribution range; (3) For species with less than 4 occurrences, a 20-km buffer was generated around the occurrences as the distribution range. The maps were manually checked and evaluated (see Note S3 and Table S9 in Lyu et al., 2022 for details).
Schynige Platte Alpine Botanical Garden land-use experiment
This dataset was used for the publication "Boch, Blaser, Föhr, Küchler, Fischer (2024) Haymaking complemented by moderate disturbances can sustain and restore species-rich alpine to subalpine grasslands" in Alpine Botany. It contains vegetation records (species lists, percentage cover of species) of six grassland sites with each five 2x2 m treatment plots established in the Schynige Platte Alpine Botanical Garden. In a six-year experiment, we tested the response of plant species richness and mean ecological indicator values that we calculated from this dataset, to management treatments ranging from combined haymaking and scraping, to haymaking or scraping alone, to complete abandonment. We further tested whether the treatments led to changes in species composition, i.e. shifts to different vegetation types.
Fatal avalanche accidents in Switzerland since 1995-1996
Attention: this data is not updated after 2022 anymore. This data collection contains information concerning all accidents by snow avalanches causing at least one fatality in Switzerland. The data set commences on 01/10/1995. After the completion of a hydrological year, the new data is added. The following information is provided: * avalanche identifier * date of the accident * accuracy of the date in range of days before and after * canton * name of the locality * start zone of the avalanche * coordinates (Swiss coordinate system, approximately in middle of start zone) * accuracy of the coordinates in meters * elevation (in meteres above sea level, app. in middle of start zone) * slope aspect (main orientation of start zone) * slope inclination (in degree, steepest point within start zone) * number of dead persons * number of caught persons * number of fully buried persons * forecasted avalanche danger level * activity/location of the accident party at the time of the incident
RoRCC
The dataset "RoRCC" consists of simulation-based results on climate change impacts on Alpine RoR power production; it is based on 21 Swiss RoR power plants, with a total production of 5.9 TWh a-1. The dataset contains the following information: 1) metadata on the RoR power plants under consideration, 2) annual and seasonal production potential scenarios under into three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) and three future periods (T1: 2020–2049, T2: 2045–2074, T3: 2070–2099), 3) annual and seasonal streamflow scenarios, 4) annual and seasonal production loss due to environmental flow requirements, 5) annual and seasonal the technical increase potential (via design discharge optimisation) and 6) annual and seasonal changes in the hydrological cycle.
Number of avalanche fatalities per hydrological year in Switzerland since 1936-1937
Attention: this data is not updated after 2022 anymore. This dataset contains the statistics on the number of avalanche fatalities per hydrological year in Switzerland. The data set commences with the beginning of the hydrological year 1936/37 on 01/10/1936. After the completion of a hydrological year, the new data is appended to the existing dataset. The following information is contained (by column and column title): - hydrological year - number of fatalities in the backcountry (=tour) - number of fatalities in terrain close to ski areas (=offpiste) - number of fatalities on transportation corridors including ski runs, roads, railway lines (=transportation.corridors) - number of fatalities in or around buildings or in settlements (= buildings) - sum (of all four categories) The definition for these four categories as described in the guidelines to the avalanche accident database: **tour**: activities include back-country ski, snowboard or snow-shoe touring **offpiste**: access from ski area, generally from the top of a skilift with short hiking distances **transportation.corridors** ([Techel et al., 2016](http://www.geogr-helv.net/71/147/2016/ )): people travelling or recreating on open or temporarily closed transportation corridors (e.g. a road user or a skier on a ski run) and people working on open or closed transportation corridors (e.g. maintenance crews on roads, professional rescue teams) **buildings** ([Techel et al., 2016](http://www.geogr-helv.net/71/147/2016/ )): people inside or just outside buildings, and workers on high alpine building sites
Present and future multifaceted plant diversity, uniqueness and conservation in the European Alps
This repository contains extensive data for the European Alps: - Observations of ~3,500 plant species - Climate (1-km), soil (100-m) and land cover predictors (1km); current and future scenarios (28 CMIP6-GCMs, 2 land cover change and 3 dispersal scenarios i.e., unlimited, no and realistic vegetation dispersal) - Flora migration rates (categorical) and ecological preferences (continuous indicator values) - Regional maps of barriers to migration and water bodies at 100-m resolution - Sampling effort, distance to roads and cities predictors at 100-m resolution - Present and future abundances over the study region at 1-km resolution (~2,000 species) - Present and future multifaceted and uniqueness of the European Alps' Flora at 1-km resolution - Present and future conservation recommendations at 1-km resolution (26 current and future strategies) - Phylogenetic data and functional traits of ~2,000 plants (raw data and classification trees) - All scripts, data and plots used for the analyses, including a singularity container (mini-linux) to run them
Monthly topsoil and near surface microclimate temperature data for Switzerland
Climate data matching the scales at which organisms experience climatic conditions are often missing. Yet, such data on microclimatic conditions are required to better understand climate-change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here we combine a national network of microclimate temperature measurements with a novel radiative transfer model to map monthly minimum, mean and maximum temperatures during the vegetation period at a 10 meter spatial resolution across Switzerland. The temperature measurements took place in 107 sampling plots distributed across different habitat types, with 62 plots in forests, 22 below trees outside forests, and 23 in open grasslands. In each plot we measured temperature in the topsoil (-5cm), as well as in the air at 5cm and 100cm height above ground. Spatial interpolation was achieved by using a hybrid approach based on linear mixed effects models with input from detailed radiation estimates that account for topographic and vegetation shading, as well as other predictor variables related to the macroclimate, topography and vegetation height. Our data reveals strong horizontal and vertical variability in microclimate temperature, particularly for maximum temperatures at 5 cm above the ground and within the topsoil. Compared to macroclimate conditions as measured by weather stations outside forests, diurnal air and topsoil temperature ranges inside forests were reduced by up to 3.0 and 7.8 °C, respectively, while below trees outside forests, e.g. in hedges and below solitary trees, this buffering effect was 1.8 and 7.2 °C. We also found that in open grasslands, maximum temperatures at 5 cm above ground are on average 3.4 °C warmer than that of macroclimate, suggesting that in such habitats heat exposure close to the ground is often underestimated when using macroclimatic data. After accounting for macroclimate effects, microclimate patterns were primarily driven by radiation, with particularly strong effects on maximum temperatures. Results from spatial block cross-validation revealed predictive accuracies as measured by RSME’s ranging from 1.18 to 3.43 °C, with minimum temperatures generally being predicted more accurately than maximum temperatures. The microclimate maps presented here enable a more biologically relevant perspective when analysing climate-species interactions, which is expected to lead to a better understanding of biotic and ecosystem responses to climate and land use change.
Swiss electricity system modeling -- HV grid - hydropower topology and inflows - renewable productions - past and forecast meteorological data
This dataset contains several useful components for **Swiss Electricity system modeling**: 1. **High-voltage Swiss grid**: 2019 snapshot of the high-voltage (>150kV) grid composed of : - Nodes: names, voltage, position. - Lines: ends nodes, resistance, power capacity. - Transformers: ends nodes, power capacity, resistance, tap ratio. 2. **Hydropower topology** : Representative description of Swiss reservoirs and plants (2019) composed of: - Plants: Lower reservoir, Upper reservoir, pump/turbine, debit, power capacity. - Reservoirs: Volume, altitude, position, canton. 3. **Inflows** into all the reservoirs: hourly time series post-processed from PREVAH model outputs from 2009 to 2019. 4. **Wind production per node**: COSMO-1 data processed and scaled to match SFOE annual production. 5. **Solar irradiance maps projected onto tilted surfaces**: hourly time series for 35° and 65° tilts, azimuth 180°. (same method as [Frischholz, Y. (2025)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.632)) 6. **Processed ERA5 (historical), ECMWF SEAS5 (seasonal forecast) and ECMWF TIGGE (short-term forecast)**: - ERA5 Land: For inflow forecast model: historical runoff, snow depth, temperature and total precipitation per catchment (hourly, 2009-2019). For residual demand forecast model: historical temperature, u-v wind, ssrd per country (CH, AT, DE, FR, IT, hourly 2015-2019) - ECMWF SEAS5: For inflow forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (yearly forecast starting from every 1st day of every month in 2019). For residual demand forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (yearly forecast starting from every 1st day of every month in 2019). - ECMWF TIGGE: For inflow forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (two weeks forecast starting from every 1st day of every week in 2019). For residual demand forecast model: same variables as ERA5 (two weeks forecast starting from every 1st day of every week in 2019). 7. **Run-of-river production per electricity node**: 15-min resolution run-of-river production time-series (15min, 2009-2019). Raw data and documentation can be found on [https://data.sccer-jasm.ch/runofriver_production/2017-10-16/]. \ More details can be found on *README.txt*.